Dear Joshua, Calvinism is merely a systematic (and very useful) way of explaining Biblical theology. In response to your comments about the innocence of babies, the Bible makes it clear than even the youngest babies are sinful: they have a corrupt moral character. There are numerous Scriptural passages which demonstrate that all are sinners, for instance , Romans 3:23, “All have sinned”, but there are too many to list them all. Several of these texts refer to infants in particular, David says, “I was shapen in iniquity and in sin did my mother conceive me” (Psalm 51:5). Job 11:12, refers to men as “born like a wild ass's colt”. Again, Job 15:14, “What is man, that he should be clean? and he which is born of a woman, that he should be righteous?” And lastly, and most clearly, Psalm 58:3, “The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born”. The question then is not whether babies are sinful – the Bible undoubtedly affirms they are – but rather, how do they sin? It is clear they sin as soon as they are capable of moral action –all of us who have children have seen evidence of this – but as soon as they are born they have original sin, are guilty before God, and inherit corruption from their parents: “that which is born of the flesh is flesh” (John 3:6). If nothing else, the predisposition to do evil, is a sinful thing in the eyes of a perfectly holy God. The logical conclusion from your assertion that babies are sinless is that those dying in infancy go to heaven without the need of being saved by Christ, which is contrary to many passages which assert that there is only one way of salvation. Best wishes, Angus